Richard Exell analyses the latest labour market statistics.
Today’s labour market statistics (pdf) are very encouraging. As Shamik has noted, employment in the three months from July-September was up 100,000 from April-June; unemployment was down 49,000; and working age economic inactivity was 25,000 lower.
Some of the other statistics I pay particular attention to each month also moved in the right direction.
Youth unemployment fell 49,000 and was below the politically-sensitive million level for the second month running. There were 37,000 fewer people unemployed more than six months (but 12,000 more without jobs for more than a year). The number of economically inactive people who want a job was down 54,000 and the number of redundancies fell from 150,000 in Apr-Jun to 128,000 in Jul-Sep.
One of my key labour market indicators, the ratio of unemployed people to job vacancies, has been coming down since the start of the year:
This is a national picture; in some parts of the country, the position is much worse than this:
One of the features of recent labour market changes has been that employment has risen more (half a million over the past year) than unemployment has fallen (a hundred thousand during the same period).
Employment gains have been heavily concentrated in London, and were again in the most recent quarter:
It is clear the improved labour market headlines are more than a blip; in the latest figures there were 513,000 more people in employment than 12 months previously and all the main categories saw an increase:
It is true there was a disproportionate increase in part-time employment, which was up 316,000 on the year, a 4.0 per cent increase, but full-time employment also rose – by 197,000, 0.9 per cent. The number of full-time employees is up 108,000.
Involuntary atypical employment has risen over the past year: the number of people working in temporary jobs because they can’t get permanent ones has risen by 72,000 and the number working part-time because they can’t get full-time jobs is up by 143,000.
A useful way to check on the reality of the increase in employment is to look at the figures for actual weekly hours worked, which were up, from 934.7 million in Apr-Jun to 945.3 million in Jul-Sep.
In the next chart, we take the employment level and average weekly hours at the start of 2008 as our starting point and then calculate each month’s figures as a percentage of that:
During 2009-11, hours worked dropped more than the employment level: the headline figure was being held up by people working fewer hours. But both have been growing for a year and are round about their pre-recession positions.
These are good figures, but there are still worrying signs of underlying weakness. The number of people unemployed more than six months may have fallen, but very long term unemployment is still rising, with a 12,000 increase in the number unemployed more than 12 months and a 21,000 increase in the 24 months-plus figure.
With inflation (RPI) at 3.1 per cent in the most recent figures, average weekly earnings (regular pay) in September were up 1.9 per cent – yet another month in which average real pay has fallen:
Falling real pay is bound to hit demand, which will feed through to slower growth.
Today’s Inflation Report (pdf) from the Bank of England tentatively forecasts (p. 7):
The economy is likely to see a sustained, but slow, recovery over the next three years. The Committee attaches even less weight than in August to the possibility of a rapid pickup in growth.
Indeed, GDP growth is more likely to be below than above its historical average rate over the entire forecast period. Output is more likely than not to remain below its pre-crisis level until towards the end of the forecast period [end of 2015].
If output again starts to fall there are real dangers for employment and unemployment and there are signs the recent run of good results may be about to slow down. One is what is happening to flows in and out of employment and unemployment: employment levels in the latest period are the product of employment levels in the previous period, plus flows into employment since then and minus flows out.
A similar process produces the unemployment level. In the chart below, we can see there is still a net flow into employment in the latest figures, but there has been a reduction in the inflow and an increase in the outflow, producing a downtick in the net figure, after a period in which it constantly grew.
It is too early to say whether this is a blip or a trend, but it is worrying:
A second straw in the wind is provided by the claimant count measure of unemployment, which rose by 10,100. This figure is produced a month ahead of the headline unemployment figure and it sometimes gives advance warning of what is about to happen.
Finally, there is a deterioration when the Jul-Sep figures are compared with last month’s June-August figure. Employment is down 14,000 from last month and there are falls in both employees (-17,000) and self-employed (-6,000) and in both full-time (-5,000) and part-time (-9,000) employment.
These are very tentative indications, but they do suggest the labour market may be slowing down. Slow or falling growth is an even bigger worry, suggesting there are serious challenges ahead.
One Response to “Jobs stats are encouraging, but with poor growth, serious challenges lie ahead”
Eric Greenwood
Rubbish people on work prog are not counted, people sanctioned arent counted. or the self employed, or zero hour or.. Many exceptions. Lies, Damn Lies, Statistics and government Statistics