Rescue boats alone are not enough
With the exception of a few professional trolls, there has been near-universal shock and sadness at the recent tragedies in the Mediterranean. Up to 1,500 migrants are believed to have drowned this year alone; the latest sinking, claiming the lives of almost 700, is thought to be the largest loss of life during a migrant crossing in Europe.
What makes it worse is the knowledge that European governments, including our own, are acquiescing in the tragedy. At the end of last year Europe stopped its search and rescue missions in the Mediterranean amid complaints from some EU member states that they were unaffordable. Meanwhile our own Foreign Office disingenuously argued that the prospect of being rescued from the sea was acting as “an unintended ‘pull factor’, encouraging more migrants to attempt the dangerous sea crossing and thereby leading to more tragic and unnecessary deaths”.
The argument was a familiar one; how often do we hear it said by the current government that the UK benefit system provides a similar ‘pull factor’ to migrants?
This line of reasoning, if you can call it that, has now been exposed for what it is: callous nonsense. It is nonsense because the real and overriding ‘pull factor’ is the relative safety of Europe when contrasted with brutal and war-ravaged Libya. For thousands of people, the prospect of staying in Libya is viewed as a greater risk than taking to the seas in a ramshackle and overcrowded boat. The latter offers a chance, however slim, of eventual sanctuary in Europe.
Libya is the starting point for around 90 per cent of the migrants reaching Italy by sea, according to the Italian government. The reasons for this are clear: violent militias dominate large swathes of the country and ISIS controls parts of the north and east.
The fashionable view is that this is the fault of the west for aiding the overthrow of Colonel Gaddafi back in 2011. As with Iraq, if only the west hadn’t meddled the picture in Libya might not be quite so grim – or so the argument goes.
Apart from being a shot in the dark, this is a monumental re-writing of history. Back in 2011, a UN resolution authorised “all necessary measures” to protect Libyan civilians after Gaddafi’s forces began a brutal assault on rebel-held Benghazi. As the dictator’s forces closed in on the city, 200,000 people fled the fighting and hundreds of cars full of people were seen heading for the Egyptian border.
Western nations may well have sat on their hands and given Gaddafi’s army a free-reign in Benghazi. They had done a similar thing in the past in Rwanda and Bosnia. The mistake is to believe that this option, if you can call it that, would have left Libya peaceful and secure. Take a look at Syria (200,000 dead and counting) if you find yourself tempted by the idea that allowing a dictator to re-assert power against a nascent rebellion does not have a bloody cost. Had Gaddafi remained in the saddle, hundreds perhaps thousands of Libyans would have been killed – with thousands more likely to have fled the country.
The real disgrace in Libya was not intervention, which was based on a duty to protect civilians; it was the abandonment of the nascent post-Gaddafi government in Libya to chaos. As Perry Abdulkadir put it on these pages last year:
After Gaddafi was killed in late October 2011, the interim Libyan government asked NATO to extend its mission until the end of the year. When the UN Security Council withdrew support of a continued mission, though, NATO took it as an excuse to rid itself of responsibility in Libya.
Libya collapsed into chaos because the state lost its monopoly on force. The west, which had helped to overthrow Gaddafi, did little to assist the state as it tried to reassert its authority. As a result the power vacuum in the country was filled by hundreds of militias and – worst of all – the sadists of ISIS. In this context, the fact that thousands of people wish to leave Libya by any available means ought not to come as a surprise.
And so preventing further tragedies in Europe’s seas requires a two-pronged approach: restarting the rescues, yes; but restarting the nation-building in Libya, too. Ultimately that means helping the Libyan government to disarm ISIS and other violent militias.
James Bloodworth is the editor of Left Foot Forward. Follow him on Twitter
105 Responses to “Mediterranean migrant deaths: restart the rescue, but restart nation-building in Libya too”
James Chilton
It’s widely understood that a lot of overseas aid has ended up in the bank accounts of African politicians and wasted on vanity projects etc.
But anything short of neo-colonial rule will involve financial risk for the donor nations.
itdoesntaddup
Neo-colonial rule doesn’t exactly come for free either – and is likely to result in military involvement and loss. The question also becomes who would be the colonists? French in Francophone countries, perhaps the Italians back in Libya and Abyssinia…? An interesting debate for the UN.
James Chilton
Neo-colonialism wouldn’t be a ‘cheap’ answer, but it might be a lesser evil. It could ensure, perhaps, peace and security at home for the hordes of desperate people on the move and risking their lives by crossing the Mediterranean in open boats.
Leon Wolfeson
…And it’s all driven by an engine called “capitalism”, your engine.
damon
I’m about as capitalist as most people in the UK Leon. It’s the system we live under and I have to pay for things from the money I earn. Like this £1.29 McDonald’s coffee I’m having right now.
I’ve listened to some of this being talked about on the radio today and it’s really annoying.
Everyone’s going on about saving the people at sea, without really accepting how that is the pull factor that gets people setting off for the Libyan coast from thousands of miles away.
One of the survivors from yesterday’s sinking came from Bangladesh.
I just saw an interview on All Jazeera with a middle aged Ghanaian man in Rome who had taken a boat from Libya five years ago and had been living a precarious existence there ever since. Living rough by the look at him, sleeping in parks.
I did hear news that the EU was trying to organise something with Niger, to close off one of the main routes north through that country. And that’s the kind of thing that’s going to have to be done if we’re not to be having ferries taking people across the Med twice a week.
But then they might switch to the west Africa route to the Canary Islands and to Morocco.
A very big proportion of the people coming up through Africa probably wouldn’t qualify as genuine asylum seekers. Even people from a country like Eritrea can’t all be allowed to just move to Europe.