British Future's report shows how the fear of being stereotyped stops the moderate majority from communicating their ideas.
Yesterday British Future released a report ‘How to Talk About Immigration’, providing analysis of an issue that continues to confound our definitions of what is acceptable.
Based on three years of original research into public attitudes, the report highlights the worries people have when talking about immigration, and shows how the fear of being stereotyped stops the moderate majority from communicating their ideas.
Here we identify five myths about public attitudes towards immigration:
1. People base their opinions on racial prejudices
Race and immigration can, and should, be separate issues. The sooner that this message is put across, the sooner people will feel comfortable talking about their concerns with immigration.
Liberal voices who immediately detect prejudice behind any doubts over immigration numbers are silencing the debate in a way that will ultimately be counter-productive, not least because it adds to the ‘I’m only saying what everybody’s thinking’ attitude of genuine extremists.
The report shows that, although there is still a long way to go, the Britain of today is a far less racist country than it was even twenty years ago. In 1993, 44 per cent of Britons said that they would be uncomfortable with their children marrying across ethnic lines. Today, only 15 per cent of Britons would be concerned by this – and only 5 per cent of Britons under 24 would see this as an issue.
Racist attitudes are dropping dramatically across generations, and yet immigration is still arguably the biggest matter of public debate. Clearly the two issues do not run in parallel.
British Future cite a study in which they asked respondents whether professional migrants coming from Poland and Pakistan were good for Britain. Net support was the same for workers from both countries – but support went dramatically down when respondents were asked about unskilled workers.
So it seems that the behaviour of immigrants is more important than skin colour to a majority of Britons, as evidenced when respondents were asked to choose which of a list of attributes was most important in being British.
50 per cent said respecting people’s right to freedom of speech was the most important thing; 46 per cent said respect for the law; and 41 per cent said speaking English. Only six per cent chose ‘being white’.
2. People’s views are black and white
British Future’s report found that “the public has far more nuanced views on immigration than is reflected in the current polarised political debate.” In their research they identified 25 per cent of people with a ‘rejectionist’ view – people who would like significant reductions in immigration or no immigration at all.
At the other end of the spectrum they identified 25 per cent of people who are ‘liberal’, roughly defined as people who are happy with immigration and happy for it to continue. Then there are ‘the anxious middle’ – the majority of people who don’t want to close the borders, but don’t want to get rid of the borders either, people who are struggling with the benefits and setbacks of immigration on a personal and national level.
That one quarter of British people adopt a rejectionist approach to immigration may be disheartening, but it should not discourage constructive debate with those on the middle ground. The fear of being categorised with the extreme right makes those with more nuanced worries about immigration reluctant to express their views, leading to a culture where many people feel that politicians are making decisions about immigration for them.
In fact, the report shows that a migrant who has been here for fifteen years is trusted by a majority of people (51 per cent), more than any politician.
3. The opposition strategy is not worth considering
According to the report, “any public voice advocating net migration in the range of zero to 50,000 has to propose withdrawal from the EU.” This means that anybody advocating for migration to be cut by this amount has to be prepared to present renegotiation strategies for a post-EU Britain, both in terms of the economy and of migration.
British Future say that a referendum of EU membership at some point in the future is the only way to make the public feel they have some ownership over what happens to the country in terms of immigration.
Connected to this is the report’s finding that “the best test of a legitimate anxiety is whether somebody is interested in a constructive solution to address it.”
Questions of how we should progress are “of little interest [..] to the tiny minority who are emotionally invested in everything going wrong, to verify their conspiracy and betrayal thesis, prove that the whole ‘experiment’ of Britain as a multi-ethnic society was bound to fail.” This is what sets genuine prejudice apart – not wanting to be proved wrong.
4 . Migration sceptics are misinformed
The report highlights the tendency of pro-migration liberals to act as though people with concerns about immigration are ignorant or ill-informed, or that their views have no nuance. The problem is that the undecided are unlikely to have any reason to trust one set of factual claims over another; why believe Nick Clegg’s claims over Nigel Farage’s?
The study found that, essentially, people don’t like statistics and are much more likely to be swayed by appeals to fairness for both British and migrant workers.
Aside from the fact that people do not like to be lectured, we need to accept that there is always going to be a debate, even if the facts are concrete. Quoting figures saying the economy is better because of migration will make some people believe that we should increase immigration, and others that it should stay as it is.
5. It’s all about money
“People understand ‘the economy’ through their direct experience – jobs, wages and the money in their pocket – rather than through GDP and macroeconomic statistics.”
Therefore, pulling out a sheet of figures and insisting it is all beneficial to somebody who is absolutely not feeling those benefits is unlikely to draw them over. It can easily turn into a situation where the pro-immigration voice is telling the opposition that their personal experience is invalid.
Interestingly, having tracked the relationship between the two for the past few years, Ipsos-MORI found that “public concern about immigration is lowest when the economy is doing badly (and people are more worried about the economy) and increases as the economy improves (when they worry more about other issues – like immigration).”
And there will always be people who will place cultural concerns over the GDP, and who would vote to slow the economy if it also meant slowing cultural change.
Ruby Stockham is a staff writer at Left Foot Forward. Follow her on Twitter
10 Responses to “Five myths about public attitudes towards immigration”
Sunder Katwala
There is strong evidence that Britain is less racist, because of a big generational shift. (https://www.academia.edu/209861/Is_racial_prejudice_declining_in_Britain) Ethnic minority citizens share that view, in terms of their perceptions, when they have been polled on this question. That strongly chimes with my personal experience: there is also a minority (15 per cent of non-white Britons) who think things have got worse over the last 20 years.
http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/attitudes-to-race-really-have-improved-8584887.html
Ethnic minority Britons are more likely to be in the more confident liberal minority, especially younger graduate non-white Britons; though the Hope Not Hate research suggested that most ethnic minority Britons are in the sceptical middle, primarily because of economic rather than cultural concerns.
IlyaEhrenburg
“Keep England White”
Winston Churchill.
As true now , as it was when said. The British people never wanted, or gave any mandate for non white Afro-Asian immigrants into Britain. The political elite and the controlled propaganda/media need to stop talking about the Polish. It is the Blacks and Pakistani invaders that are not wanted here by the huge `silenced by the PC media` majority.
Guest
That people wear a suit these days means the attitude is no less odious.
Also, it was beating up a mouthy teenager which was the spark of the London Riots, so…
Aaron Geis
I open to being swayed by statistics but I’m finding it difficult to find the type of statistics I think would be most useful, namely –
1. what percentage of foreign born residents are claiming out of work benefits?
2. what percentage of foreign born residents are paying tax in the higher bands?
3. what percentage of foreign born residents have criminal records?
I have a strong suspicion that comparing those numbers to the statistics for UK born residents would result in an argument for increasing the rate of migration.
Leon Wolfeson
You can’t find that because “foreign born” data is not tracked. Non-British-citizen is of course significantly different as a percentage of the population to “foreign born”.
And that IS tracked.
So perhaps the issue is the specific questions you’re asking.