Reporters Without Borders honours cartoonists standing for free speech
Two years on from the Charlie Hebdo massacre in Paris, how you wield a pencil can still lead to violent reprisals. Only too often, cartoonists pay a high prize for their irony and impertinence.
The threats they receive are barometers of free speech, acting as indicators of the state of democracy in times of trouble.
It is hard to say whether cartoonists are more exposed since the attack that killed 12 people at Charlie Hebdo in Paris on 7 January 2015.
But they continue to be subjected to political, religious and economic pressure, to censorship, dismissal, death threats, judicial harassment, violence and, in the worst cases, even murder.
To pay tribute to all cartoonists who defend press freedom through their work, RSF, Cartooning for Peace and the other press cartoonist associations have compiled the following profiles of cartoonists who have been dismissed, arrested, imprisoned or threatened because of their cartoons:
ZUNAR (Malaysia)
Zulkifli Anwar Ulhaque, the cartoonist better known as Zunar, is a symbol of the fight for freedom of expression in Malaysia and the government’s bugbear
.
Because of his cartoons denouncing the corruption in all layers of Malaysian society, he has been subjected to various kinds of persecution for nearly a decade including repeated detention, arrests of assistants and supporters, a travel ban, the closure of his website, the confiscation of his cartoons and a ban on his cartoon books.
When the opening of a Zunar exhibition was disrupted by his critics in November, the police intervened, confiscated the cartoons and ended up taking him into custody.
In December, he was arrested again when he organized a sale of his books to compensate for the financial loss resulting from the exhibition’s cancellation. As a result, he is now being investigated as a threat to parliamentary democracy.
Picture: © Zunar (Malaysia) – Cartooning for Peace
He is already facing up to 43 years in prison on nine counts of violating the Sedition Act, which violates freedom of expression by making it easy to prosecute journalists and cartoonists for supposedly ‘seditious’ content.
The pretext for Zunar’s prosecution was nine tweets critical of the government. His trial has been postponed twice in the past two years and is now due to start on 24 January.
Last year he received the Cartooning for Peace Prize for his courage and determination.
RAYMA (Venezuela)
Rayma Suprani is a Venezuela cartoonist who worked for nearly 20 years for the Caracas-based daily El Universal.
Her cartoons criticized poverty, the lack of social justice and abuse of power under President Hugo Chavez, and under his successors after Chavez died in office in 2013.
She had often been subjected to threats and pressure but in September 2014 she went ‘too far’ in one of her cartoons.
It portrayed public healthcare in Venezuela – which has been undermined by the crisis in the petrodollar economy – as an electrocardiogram that began with Chavez’s well-known signature and then flatlined.
She was immediately fired by El Universal, which had just been acquired by someone more sympathetic to the Chavista government.
Deprived of her source of income, she fled to the United States, where she continues to use her pencil to fight for freedom of expression.
Picture: © Rayma (Venezuela) – Cartooning for Peace
MUSA KART (Turkey)
During the wave of arrests that followed last July’s failed coup in Turkey, the police detained a dozen employees of the leading opposition newspaper Cumhuriyet on 31 October.
They included editor Murat Sabuncu, the newspaper’s lawyer, and its well-known cartoonist, Musa Kart.
The head of the Istanbul prosecutor’s office said they were suspected of committing crimes on behalf of the Gülen movement (which is accused by the government of orchestrating the coup attempt).
‘For years I have tried to transcribe what we live through in this country in the form of caricatures and today it seems that I have entered one of them,’ Kart said at the time.
‘What explanations will they give to the rest of the world? I have been taken into police custody because I drew cartoons!’
Picture: © Musa Kart (Turkey) – Cartooning for Peace
TAHAR DJEHICHE (Algeria)
The Algerian cartoonist Tahar Djehiche posted a cartoon on social networks in April 2015 showing President Abdelaziz Bouteflika being buried under the sand of In Salah, a Saharan region where the population has been protesting against the use of fracking to produce shale gas.
His aim was to draw attention to the environmental dangers of shale gas production by this means in Algeria, but he was charged with insulting the president and ‘inciting a mob’.
He was acquitted in May 2015, but was convicted on appeal the following November and was sentenced to six months in prison and a fine of 500,000 dinars.
Many international organizations have condemned this absurd and incomprehensible decision, especially as it is still not known who was responsible for the appeal.
Picture: © Tahar Djehiche (Algeria) – Cartooning for Peace
JABEUR MEJRI (Tunisia)
A 29-year-old Tunisian blogger, Jabeur Mejri was prosecuted in March 2012 for posting cartoons and satirical texts on social networks at a time of continuing tension just over a year after President Ben Ali’s removal, when anything to do with religion was extremely sensitive.
The cartoons, in particular, were deemed to have insulted Islam.
He was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison and a fine of 1,200 dinars on charges of disrupting public order, causing wrong to others, and violating morality.
He was strongly defended by human rights groups, which regarded him as one of the first prisoners of conscience since the fall of the Ben Ali regime.
After two years in prison, he was finally pardoned by President Moncef Marzouki and was released in March 2014.
He was arrested again the following month on a charge of insulting an official. After a second pardon in October 2014, he left Tunisia.
Picture: © Willis from Tunis (Tunisia) – Cartooning for Peace
Christophe Deloire is secretary general of Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
2 Responses to “Two years after Charlie Hebdo, here are five cartoonists under threat”
Imran Khan
I had to check I was on Left Foot Forward because this article is so well written and researched and on such an important subject. At last!
GodfreyR
Let’s not forget the ‘Jesus and Mo’ cartoons that have been published on the web for many years now.
See: http://www.jesusandmo.net/