A rock could easily smash a whole EU glass panel. Only diplomacy at its best can stop it
Try and pull that bit of loose thread and your jumper will fall apart. The European Union fabric can fray easily. On its fringes, Gibraltar is a dangling piece of yarn perhaps best left untouched.
The Rock is a well-earned nickname; it’s not just its shape. This British Overseas Territory is tough; it’s put up with all sorts of attacks. Even from El País, a pluralist paper, known for its authoritative, balanced commentaries: a journalism model whose surprisingly spiteful ink has often criticised Gibraltar and Spanish ministers alike.
The long-drawn debates around the British colony saw a sharp swerve in the summer of 2013. The Gibraltar government sank seventy spiked concrete blocks into the sea to hamper Spanish fishermen, who had been accused of poaching Gibraltarian fish.
A spectacularly provocative measure that prompted Spain to ignite Franco-regime-like reprisals. The border was indeed shut off between 1969 and 1985, during which time the colony’s airport was partially built on waters Spain claims as its own.
Gibraltar is well connected to its Spanish hinterland region, where unemployment sky-rocketed in recent times. Luckily the British colony has been enjoying growth all along (7 per cent in 2013), offering job opportunities to anyone willing to commute.
Yet Gibraltar can’t help being looked at with suspicion. Anything to do with decades of Spanish bad-mouthing? Any truth in it?
Eighteen months ago chief minister Fabian Picardo happily told the New Statesman that “we are governed by the rule of law. […] The British way of doing things is hugely important”. The piece is an advertorial; and it shows how desperately The Rock wishes to be perceived.
Picardo refused to accept the commonly held view that Gibraltar is a tax dodger’s haven. When people say “that Gibraltar is anything but an onshore financial services centre, you just have to look at the position of the UK,” he confidently asserted. “The difference between corporation tax in the UK and Gibraltar is smaller than the difference between corporation tax in the UK and Spain.”
Gibraltar is not on any blacklist, the chief minister emphasized. “We comply with European Union rules on money laundering and on directives that affect financial services.” That was in October 2013; the headline: ‘Gibraltar: the chief minister’s story’; a legitimate right to a narrative version. His final words on fiscal matters were clear-cut: “You would find it very difficult to find people who were in Gibraltar to evade tax.”
Fast forward eight months to August 2014. The EU changed its mind on The Rock. El País stood ready to board; the headline: ‘The Gibraltarian underworld’. The EU Commission grew unsure of Gibraltar’s self-proclaimed squeaky-clean image: smuggling and money laundering were its growing concerns.
EU observers on a mission to the narrow peninsula found out that 110 million packs of cigarettes had been illegally sold on the Spanish black market via Gibraltar. The World Health Organization affirmed illicit tobacco has been drastically curbed in Spain in the past years: other ways in have perhaps opened up.
The wider picture: a 2002 referendum rejected a joint sovereignty. Scaling up Gibraltar’s participation in the EU – The Rock firmly rejects a Brexit – and allowing it to have its own MEP as part exchange for abiding more strictly to continental standards could be a compromise.
What about a Hong Kong-style devolution? The ensuing domino effect: Morocco vociferously reclaiming Ceuta and Melilla, with Catalan separatists pursuing even further their secessionist goals. (Catalonia lost its independence in the same 1713 Treaty of Utrecht.)
Shrewd diplomacy is once more required. Especially if you still like wearing that old but cosy jumper of yours. Otherwise just pull the thread and see what happens. It could be quite fun to watch, you never know.
Alessio Colonnelli also contributes to openDemocracy, Shifting Grounds and Euro Crisis/LSE. He holds a combined B.A./M.A. in languages and literary translation from Padua University
23 Responses to “A fine Gibraltarian equilibrium”
damon
The fact that Gibraltar imports far more cigarettes than it has a market for, shows some kind of corruption right there. Where do the authorities think that all those container loads of cigarettes are going to end up?
Chisparro
A pity Alessio Colonelli has not bothered to research beyond a cursory glimpse at El País and the New Statesman. If he had done so, there would be fewer mistakes of fact in his piece which basically lead one to doubt his line of reasoning.
The Airport was not built during the closure of the frontier under Franco’s dictatorship – it was built in the Second World War and was instrumental in the Allied North Africa campaign.
Gibraltar’s cigarette consumption is totally legal and in line with the 12 million visitors the country has per year and who, like anywhere else, can buy duty free cigarettes. Cigarette smuggling is a problem as elsewhere in Europe. In this particular case it is not helped by the fact that Spain regards all apprehensions under a €15,000 threshold as a minor offence which is only fined.
Gibraltar already has six MEPs as it is part of the South West England constituency.
Gibraltar is fully integrated into the EU and observes all EU rules regarding fiscal transparency. All EU investigations so far have given the green light to Gibraltar’s legislation.
It might be worth investigating why Spain’s policy towards Gibraltar has not changed since Franco. Spain is the only country to have transitioned from dictatorship to democracy without any type of reckoning with the crimes committed or their perpetrators. Franco still rests in the national monument of El Valle de los Caídos. Can you imagine Hitler’s tomb in Germany receiving coach loads of visitors? Food for thought.
Gibraltar is very happy to be a city state under the British Crown as it has for the last 310 years, far longer than it was ever Spanish.
Anonymous
Where do you think all those cigarettes come from?
Spain sells them to Gibraltar.
Spanish citizens then come to Gibraltar, buy them and try to smuggle them back.
The problem would be rapidly solved if the Spanish stopped selling them – but they are too greedy to do that.
Besides, the Spanish citizens need to smuggle and sell the tobacco – because Spain does not provide them with jobs!
Anonymous
The land on which the airport was built was part of the neutral ground claimed by Britain after Spain broke the Treaty of Utrecht and repeatedly laid siege to Gibraltar.
The Spanish like to claim that the Isthmus between the current border and the Rock was not part of the Treaty which ceded Gibraltar to Great Britain forever. The fact is that Spain would not have lost the Isthmus if they had stuck to the treaty. By invading they lost the Isthmus and the airport was extended in the Second World War.
When the United Nations Conventions on the Law Of the Sea (UNCLOS) was signed by the Spanish, they attempted to exclude Gibraltar’s territorial waters. However, the conventions did not allow Spain to make an exception and the British pointed this out at the time. United Nations charts agree with the legal delineations shown on British Government charts and that the Isthmus, the airport and the waters where the concrete blocks were laid are all British territory.
As for the matter of tobacco, as I pointed out below, the Spanish sell and ship the cigarettes into Gibraltar, only for the Spanish and tourists to buy it and attempt to smuggle it back. It would be simple enough for Spain to stop selling the tobacco to Gibraltar in the first place!
Even so, Gibraltar has raised the tax on tobacco considerably and they are still cheaper than in Spain. This suggests that the problem is still that Spain does not provide worthwhile employment to the Spanish, who are forced to smuggle to provide for their families.
An even bigger problem than Gibraltar is Greece’s inability to pay their debts. The Left-wing Government made promises to the Greek people that they would not put their economy in jeopardy by making repayments, yet they continue to make them.
It is only a matter of time before Greece can no longer make the repayments and the Euro will crumble after their exit from the Euro-zone.
If the recent polls are to be believed, then the Spanish right-wing PP Government will be replaced by a left-wing party and Spain too will head for the Euro exit.
It’s only a matter of time.
Roger Lorton
What about a self-determination solution?