Alex Hern defends the 50p tax rate against the economic know-nothings who would cut it to 'boost revenue' (their own)
500 “business leaders” have written a letter to the Telegraph today, encouraging George Osborne to drop the 50p tax rate. The letter is short – dwarfed by the list of names – and doesn’t really attempt to make much of an argument.
The 50p tax is set to reduce government income, and damages the economy, the public services and charitable giving.
This claim is hard to back up with empirical evidence. As we reported last month, the HMRC’s best estimate is that :
The first year of [the tax rate’s] introduction led to a “surge” in revenues of hundreds of millions of pounds.
Without data to support it, the signatories have had to resort to trotting out discredited economic theories when they have defended their letter on TV and radio. The phrase of the day is “Laffer Curve”.
The Laffer Curve is a concept coined by the economist Andrew Laffer which adds one and one and one and makes three million. It begins with three ‘common sense’ claims:
• At an income tax rate of 0 per cent, the income tax revenue will be £0, because no tax will be taken in.
• At an income tax rate of 100 per cent, the income tax revenue will be £0, because no one would do any work if they didn’t get paid.
• Somewhere between 0 per cent and 100 per cent is a tax rate which maximises income tax revenue.
From this, Andrew Arthur Laffer and the signatories of todays letter draw the conclusion that cutting income tax will encourage people to work harder, and increase revenue.
Unfortunately for them, we now know where on the curve revenue is maximised – and it’s pretty far away from 50 per cent.
As Matt Yglesias writes:
Christina Romer and David Romer have a new paper looking at evidence from the 1920s and 1930s and find that the revenue-maximizing rate on the highest earners is extremely high—over eighty percent.
Among the top 0.05 percent of the income distribution they find an elasticity of taxable income of 0.19 percent which implies “that tax revenues would be maximized with a tax rate of 84 percent; that is, you could raise taxes up to 84 percent before people’s reduced incentives to make money would compensate for the higher tax rates.”
Other economists put the peak closer to 76 per cent.
Either way, if you want to maximise revenue, the 50p tax rate is about 25p too low. The Institute of Directors may want to think twice before bringing up the Laffer Curve in support of tax cuts any time soon.
See also:
• It’s official: the 50p tax rate raises revenue – Alex Hern, January 9th 2012
• 50p tax: Still a Tory obsession, still not that exceptional – Alex Hern, November 24th 2011
• The 50p tax debate: Are we taxing off our nose to spite our face? – Luke Bozier, September 16th 2011
• Only quarter of voters want to scrap 50p tax – Will Straw, August 1st 2011
• Fraser Nelson is wrong on the 50p tax rate – Duncan Weldon, February 24th 2011
41 Responses to “Memo to 50p tax trashers: Laffer Curve peaks at over 75 per cent”
Ed's Talking Balls
Wow, you sure showed him.
Ed's Talking Balls
Comprehensively bowled!
Robert CP
Ah, a question on the 50p tax rate; here's our first memo to the trashers: the Laffer Curve peaks at over 75%: http://t.co/TauISW0R #BBCqt
Anonymous
It is pointless to quote evidence from the twenties and thirties as economic conditions in terms of mobility of capital and labour between countries were very much different then. There was, in that era, comparatively little such movement. The world is a very different place now. The truth is that there is no general absolute correct value to the peak of the laffer curve as such a peak will vary depending on the prevalent circumstances at the time.
For example we are in an EU of 27 countries with free movement of capital and labour with some such as the Czech Republic offering flat tax rates in the region of 20%. It would be fatuous (to put it mildly) to assert that a neighbouring, culturally and economically similar country such as Slovakia could then introduce a marginal rate of 75% without significant movement of capital and hence loss of economic activity and consequent tax revenue.
Meanwhile it should be noted that analytical studies have shown that tax revenue in the Uk from high earners increased (both in absolute terms and as a proportion of total revenue) following the decrease in the top rate from 60% to 40% in 1988. That would indicate that the peak of the Laffer curve must, by definition, have been at a point below 60%.
Newsbot9
What rot. Never mind that the laughter curve is comprehensively disproved by the Nordic nations, you’re using the 50% figure as if all income was paid at that rate.
Never mind that rich people frequently pay a LOT of tax at 28% (capital gains)…